4. Original Scientific Paper
Abstract

Body shape is determined by the nature of body fat distribution that, in turn, is significantly correlated with women’s sex hormone profile. It is important to note that women have greater amounts of body fat in lower parts of the body (gynoid pear-shaped body fat) whereas men have greater amounts of fat in the upper body (android apple-shaped body fat) induced by the circulating level of sex hormones. The objectives of the present study was to find out the correlation between the girth and circumferential measurements and the female sex hormonal levels to compare the correlations of hormone for understanding any change in the fat distribution. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the Bengalee of women(n=300) between the ages 20 years to 58 years. They were categorized as fertile, perimenopausal and postmenopausal. The girth and circumferential measurements had varied correlations for the three groups of women. Mid upper arm circumference, chest girth and thigh circumference correlated significantly with E2 in the fertile group (p < 0.001) and the waist girth and hip girth correlated significantly (p < 0.05) in the postmenopausal group but showed no significance in the perimenopausal group. Hip girth showed no significant correlation with the fertile or perimenopausal women, but correlated significantly with all the three hormones in the postmenopausal group (p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the breadth (bi-iliac diameter, chest breadth). Most of the girth measurements (chest and waist girth), circumferential (upper arm, thigh) show highly significant (p < 0.001) differences in the three groups. Menopause is associated with an increase in body fat and an increase in the relative proportion of abdominal fat. Thus, compared with fertile, perimenopausal women, fat distribution in postmenopausal women is changing towards that of a man.

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